![]() ![]() Fluid from the posterior vaginal fornix is swabbed onto a glass slide and allowed to dry for at least 10 minutes. False positive results can be due to the presence of alkaline fluids in the vagina, such as blood, seminal fluid, soap, or some infections.Īnother confirmatory test is the presence of arborization (ferning). False negative tests results can occur when leaking is intermittent or the amniotic fluid is diluted by other vaginal fluids. Detection of premature rupture of the membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1940 39:400 and Davidson, KM. The detection of rupture of fetal membranes with the nitrazine indicator. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1968 101:257).įalse-negative and false-positive test results occur in up to 5 percent of cases (Abe, T. Acid-base determinations in human amniotic fluid throughout pregnancy. Amniotic fluid has a pH range of 7.0 to 7.7 compared to the normally acidic vaginal pH of 3.8 to 4.2 (Seeds, AE, Hellegers, AE. If PPROM is not obvious after visual inspection, the diagnosis can be confirmed by testing the pH of the vaginal fluid, which is easily accomplished with nitrazine paper. The best method of confirming the diagnosis of PPROM is direct observation of amniotic fluid coming out of the cervical canal or pooling in the vaginal fornix. ![]() A clinical history suggestive of PPROM should be confirmed by visual inspection or laboratory tests to exclude other causes of wetness, such as urinary incontinence, vaginal discharge, and perspiration. However, many women describe intermittent or constant leakage of small volumes of fluid or a sensation of wetness within the vagina or perineum. The classic clinical presentation of PPROM is a sudden gush of clear or pale yellow fluid from the vagina. ![]() Complications of PPROM include maternal and neonatal infection, preterm delivery, abruptio placenta, and cord prolapse. A history of PPROM, genital tract infection, antepartum bleeding, and cigarette smoking are risk factors for PPROM. It occurs in 3 percent of pregnancies and is responsible for one-third of preterm births. Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) refers to rupture of fetal membranes prior to labor in pregnancies of less than 37 weeks. ![]()
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